martes, 24 de junio de 2008

¿Cuál es el mejor momento para cosechar?


Entendiendo como mejor momento aquel en el que la concentración de thc es óptima. Hay varias maneras. Una de ellas es el método del calendario: si es en cultivo de interior, cuenta 55 ó 60 días desde que cambiaste el fotoperiodo a 12 horas. En cambio , en exterior es más difícil de determinar porque depende de más factores: la latitud, la altura, climatología de ese año... Aunque por norma general: en España , septiembre ; o principios de octubre, y puede que más, para las variedades sativas más puras. Aunque hoy en día con la numerosa variedad de cruces, es difícil saberse cuáles son índicas o no.





Otro método, el más fiable y científico , es el método de observacion de los tricomas mirar las glándulas de resina o glándulas tricoma, las cuales se encuentran adheridas a lo largo de las flores o cogollos. Es necesario utilizar una buena lupa de mas de 20x , aunque lo mejor es un microscopio. No os compliquéis, el que venia con el nosequé-nova vale. El microscopio tiene que ser de entre 20 y 50 aumentos, y usad una luz buena junto con aparato.





A partir de la sexta semana de floración debemos estar atentos con el microscopio , pues en 2 ó 3 días pueden madurar y estar nuestras plantas listas. Deben mirarse las plantas todos los días y comparar entre varios ejemplares, buscando si ha comenzado la degradación de los tricomas.
El tipo de tricoma que se busca es el glandular. Y hay una norma: mientras los tricomas están transparentes: aun es pronto para cortar, pero si están marrones, o poniéndose opacos: es el momento ideal. Depende de la fuente que te informe puedes oir que un momento es mejor a otro, o que en un sitio dicen antes o despues...Cada cultivador decide cuando quiere cortar porque busca un efecto o un acabado en la marihuana. Si se espera un poco más, cuando los tricomas están más marrones-morados, se consigue un mayor efecto narcótico, puesto que un efecto de degracación que sucede en la planta es la transformación del thc en cbd, cbn...causantes de tal efecto.
Para los que usáis microscopio aquí tenéis un gráfico muy útil:



Donde:
Las flechas negras: tricomas transparentes (inicio maduración).
Las flechas azules: tricomas lechosos (maduración moderada).
Las flechas rojas: tricomas ambarinos (maduración total).
Las flechas verdes: tricomas oscuros (exceso maduración).

Ya he hablado de calendario, y del método más exacto. Ahora: el método a ojo del buen cubero:
Se trata en observar los calices de las flores. El cáliz , que contiene los pistilos, al principio de la floración se encuentra adherido al tallo, pero luego, se extiende y forma la mayor parte de las flores, y los pelos que salen del caliz forman el color predominante del cogollo; pues bien, muchos cultivadores aseguran que mirando si el 70% ó 80% de los pelos de la planta son marrones, es el mejor momento para cortar. Luego tornan en morado, comenzando asi la vejez de la planta, para luego morir (si las condiciones no lo impiden). Esta imagen os ayudará bastante:



En un libro que lei se añade un método más:

Método fumando: viene a decir que a partir del momento en el que las plantas estén listas, entra todos los días en la sala, coje una muestra (para fumar) , introdúcela en el horno a 90º durante 10 ó 15 minutos, o en un microondas a máxima temperatura durante 30 segundos. Al fumarlo el humo será muy denso y áspero porque la hierba se ha secado demasiado rápido. Dice que cuando estés sereno fuma una pequeña cantidad, y si te gusta el subidón: córtala.

Yo personalmente recomiendo la union del método del calendario, más el de los tricomas -yo con lupa- más el del ojo del buen cubero: cuando toca , y los pelos están, esperar a que estén los tricomas.

OJO:No olvides lavar tus plantas al menos una semana antes de cortarlas para el lixiviado: es importante puesto que sino el fertilizante se fumará luego, influyendo en el sabor...

Un truco: Puedes cortar las puntas más altas de las plantas, bajar el foco, y conseguir unos mejores cogollos por la parte baja de la planta, además estos maduran después, y engordarán un poco. ;)

Espero que os sea útil.

Fuentes:

Gracias a Pedrodro del foro de este enlace, y en este y al resto de sus usuarios. Ha sido muy útil.
wiki
Libro:Cervantes, Jorge "Marihuana: cultivo en Interior", 2002,Ediciones Cáñamo.
Revistas, y años de experiencia.

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